@{{OUTLINE of ASM.MSS generated by Scribe 2A(464) on 3 July 1980 at 18:22}}
 Preface                                                  1 S:<DOCUMENTATION>ASM
1. Introduction                                           2 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
                              -intro                      2 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
  1.1. Basic Concepts                                     3 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.1. Terminology                                    3 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.2. Machine Organization                           3 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.3. Instructions and Addressing Modes              4 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.4. Internal Representation of Numbers             4 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.4.1. Binary Numbers                             4 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.4.2. Two's Complement Representation            5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.4.3. Integers                                   5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.4.4. Floating Point Numbers                     5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.5. Arithmetic                                     5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.5.1. Integer Arithmetic                         5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.5.2. Floating Point Arithmetic                  5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.6. Logical Operations                             5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.7. Character String Manipulation                  5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
    1.1.8. Elementary Data Structures                     5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.8.1. Tables (Arrays) and Indexing               5 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
      1.1.8.2. Stacks                                     6 S:<DOCUMENTATION>INT
2. The PDP-10/DECSYSTEM-20 Instruction Set                7 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
                              -opcode                     7 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.1. Introduction                                       7 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.2. Full Word Instructions                             9 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.2.1. MOVE                                           9 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.2.2. EXCH - Exchange                               10 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.2.3. BLT - Block Transfer                          10 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.2.4. Programming Examples Using Fullword Instruct  10 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.3. Stack Instructions                                11 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.3.1. PUSH - Push on Stack                          11 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.3.2. POP - Pop Stack                               12 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.3.3. ADJSP - Adjust Stack Pointer                  12 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.4. Halfword Instructions                             12 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.4.1. HR - Halfword Right                           13 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.4.2. HL  Halfword Left                             14 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.5. Arithmetic Testing                                15 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.1. AOBJ - Add One to Both Halves and Jump        15 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.2. JUMP                                          15 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.3. SKIP                                          16 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.4. AOS - Add One and Skip                        16 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.5. SOS - Subtract One and Skip                   16 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.6. AOJ - Add One and Jump                        17 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.7. SOJ - Subtract One and Jump                   17 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.8. CAM - Compare Accumulator to Memory           18 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.5.9. CAI - Compare Accumulator Immediate           18 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.6. Fixed Point Arithmetic                            19 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.6.1. ADD                                           19 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.6.2. SUB - Subtract                                19 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.6.3. IMUL - Single-Word Multiply                   19 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.6.4. IDIV - Single-Word Divide                     19 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.6.5. MUL - Multiply                                20 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.6.6. DIV - Divide                                  20 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.7. Double Word Move Instructions (KI10 and KL10)     20 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.8. Double Precision Integer Arithmetic (KL10 only)   20 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.9. Floating Point Arithmetic                         21 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.10. Other Floating Point Instructions                22 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.10.1. FSC - Floating @index{Scale}Scale            22 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.10.2. FIX - Convert Floating Point to Integer      22 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.10.3. FIXR - Fix and @index{Round}Round            23 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.10.4. FLTR - Float and Round                       23 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.11. Shift Instructions                               23 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.12. Byte Instructions                                24 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.12.1. LDB - Load Byte                              24 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.12.2. DPB - Deposit Byte                           24 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.12.3. IBP - Increment Byte Pointer                 25 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.12.4. ILDB - Increment and Load Byte               25 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.12.5. IDPB - Increment and Deposit Byte            25 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.12.6. ADJBP - Adjust Byte Pointer                  25 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.12.7. POINT - Construct a Byte Pointer             25 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.13. Logical Testing and Modification                 26 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.14. Boolean Logic                                    26 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.15. PC Format                                        27 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.16. Program Control                                  30 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.1. JSR - Jump to Subroutine                     30 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.2. JSP - Jump & Save PC                         30 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.3. JSA - Jump and Save Accumulator              30 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.4. JRA - Jump and Restore Accumulator           30 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.5. PUSHJ - Push on stack and Jump               31 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.6. POPJ - Pop stack and Jump                    31 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.7. Programming Hints Using PUSHJ and POPJ       31 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.8. JRST - Jump and Restore                      31 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.9. JFCL - Jump on Flag and Clear                32 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.10. XCT - Execute                               32 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
    2.16.11. JFFO - Jump if Find First One               33 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
  2.17. References                                       33 S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPC
3. The DECSYSTEM-20 Macro Assembler                      34 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
                              -macro                     34 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  3.1. Introduction                                      34 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  3.2. Elements of Macro                                 35 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.2.1. Special Characters                            35 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.2.2. Numbers                                       38 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.2.1. Integers                                  38 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.2.2. Radix                                     38 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.2.3. Floating-point Decimal Numbers            39 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.2.4. Binary Shifting                           40 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.2.5. Underscore Shifting                       40 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.2.3. Literals                                      40 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.2.4. Symbols                                       42 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.4.1. Selecting Valid Symbols                   43 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.4.2. Defining Symbols                          43 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.4.3. Symbol-table Search Order                 44 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.4.4. Symbol Attributes                         44 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.2.5. Expressions                                   45 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.5.1. Arithmetic Expressions                    45 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.5.2. Logical Expressions                       45 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.2.5.3. Evaluating Expressions                    46 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  3.3. Pseudo-ops                                        47 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.1. @index{ARRAY}ARRAY                            47 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.2. ASCII                                         47 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.3. ASCIZ                                         48 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.4. BLOCK                                         48 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.5. BYTE                                          48 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.6. COMMENT                                       49 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.7. DEC                                           50 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.8. DEFINE                                        50 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.9. END                                           50 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.10. ENTRY                                        51 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.11. EXP                                          51 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.12. EXTERN                                       51 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.13. IFx Group                                    51 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.14. INTERN                                       52 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.15. IOWD                                         53 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.16. @index{IRP}IRP                               53 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.17. @index{IRPC}IRPC                             54 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
                              -irpc                      54 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.18. @index{LIT}LIT                               54 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.19. @index{OCT}OCT                               54 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.20. @index{OPDEF}OPDEF                           55 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.21. @index{POINT}POINT                           55 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.22. @index{PRGEND}PRGEND                         55 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.23. @index{PRINTX}PRINTX                         56 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
                              -printx                    56 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.24. @index{PURGE}PURGE                           56 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.25. @index{RADIX}RADIX                           56 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.26. @index{REPEAT}REPEAT                         56 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.27. @index{.REQUIRE}.REQUIRE                     57 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.28. @index{SEARCH}SEARCH                         57 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.29. @index{SIXBIT}SIXBIT                         57 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.30. @index{STOPI}STOPI                           58 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.31. @index{SUBTTL}SUBTTL                         58 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.32. @index{TITLE}TITLE                           58 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.33. @index{XWD}XWD                               59 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.3.34. @index{Z}Z                                   59 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  3.4. Macro Statements and Statement Processing         59 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.1. @index{Label}Labels                           59 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.2. @index{Operator}Operators                     60 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.3. @index{Operand}Operands                       60 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.4. @index{Comment}Comments                       61 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.5. @index{Statement}Statement Processing         61 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.6. Assigning @index{Address} Addresses           62 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.7. Machine Instruction Mnemonics and Formats     62 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.4.8. Mnemonics with Implicit Accumulators          63 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  3.5. Using @index{macros} Macros                       63 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.1. Defining Macros                               63 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
                              -defining-macros           63 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.2. Invoking Macros                               64 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.3. Macro Invocation Format                       65 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.4. Quoting Characters in Macro Arguments         66 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.5. Nesting Macro Definitions                     67 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.6. Concatenating Macro Arguments                 67 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
                              -concat                    67 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.7. Default Arguments and Created Symbols         67 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.5.7.1. Specifying Default Values                 68 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
                              -default                   68 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      3.5.7.2. Created Symbols                           68 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.8. Indefinite Repetition                         69 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.5.9. Alternate Interpretations of Characters Pass  70 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  3.6. @index{Errors}Errors and Messages                 71 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.6.1. Informational Messages                        71 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.6.2. Single-Character Error Codes                  72 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    3.6.3. MCRxxx Messages                               72 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
4. Introduction to Tops-20 Monitor Calls                 73 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
                              -jsys                      73 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.1. Introduction                                      73 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.2. General Information                               73 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.3. Using Mnemonic Symbols                            75 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.4. Source/Destination Designators                    75 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.5. Setting up a JSYS Invocation                      76 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.6. JSYS's to Open and Close Files                    77 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.6.1. @index{GTJFN}GTJFN (JSYS 20) - Get Job File   78 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.6.2. @index{OPENF}OPENF (JSYS 21) - Open a File    80 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.6.3. @index{CLOSF}CLOSF (JSYS 22) - Close a File.  81 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.7. File i/o JSYS's                                   81 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.7.1. @index{GTSTS}GTSTS (JSYS 24) - Get file Stat  82 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.7.2. Sequential Byte i/o                           82 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.2.1. @index{BIN}BIN (JSYS 50) - Byte In        83 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.2.2. @index{PBIN}PBIN (JSYS 73) - Primary Byt  83 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.2.3. @index{BOUT}BOUT (JSYS 51) - Byte Out     83 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.2.4. @index{PBOUT}PBOUT (JSYS 74) - Primary B  83 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.2.5. Example of Byte i/o                       84 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.7.3. String-oriented i/o                           84 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.3.1. @index{SIN}SIN (JSYS 52) - String In      84 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.3.2. @index{SOUT}SOUT (JSYS 53) - String Out   85 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.3.3. @index{PSOUT}PSOUT (JSYS 76) - Primary S  86 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.3.4. Example of String I/O                     86 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.3.5. @index{RDTTY}RDTTY (JSYS 523) - Read str  87 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.3.6. RDTTY Example                             89 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.7.4. Number conversion JSYS's                      90 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.4.1. @index{NIN}NIN (JSYS 225) - Number In     90 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.4.2. @index{NOUT}NOUT (JSYS 224) - Number Out  91 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.4.3. NIN/NOUT Example                          92 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.7.5. Random-access i/o                             93 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.5.1. @index{RFPTR}RFPTR (JSYS 43) - Read File  95 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.5.2. @index{SFPTR}SFPTR (JSYS 27) - Set File   95 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.5.3. @index{RIN}RIN (JSYS 54) - Random byte I  96 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.7.5.4. @index{ROUT}ROUT (JSYS 55) - Random byte  96 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.8. @index{Fork}Fork-Handling JSYS's                  97 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.8.1. What's in a Fork?                             97 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.8.2. The Fork Environment                          99 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
                              ExternalEnv                99 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.8.3. Basic Fork-Handling JSYS's                    99 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.8.3.1. @index{RESET}RESET (JSYS 147): Reset the  99 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.8.3.2. @index{HALTF}HALTF (JSYS 170) - Halt the 100 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
      4.8.3.3. Examples of RESET and HALTF              100 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
  4.9. Miscellaneous JSYS's                             100 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
    4.9.1. @index{STCMP}STCMP (JSYS 540) - STring CoMPa 101 S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSY
5. The COMND JSYS - JSYS 544                            102 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
                              -comnd                    102 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
  5.1. Informal Introduction                            102 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
  5.2. General Information                              104 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
  5.3. Bits Supplied in State Block on COMND Call       109 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
  5.4. Function Descriptor Block                        110 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.4.1. Words .CMFNP and .CMDAT of the FDB           111 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.4.2. Word .CMHLP of the FDB                       117 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.4.3. Default Help Messages                        118 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.4.4. Word .CMDEF of the FDB                       119 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.4.5. Word .CMBRK of the FDB                       119 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
  5.5. Bits Returned on COMND Call                      120 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
  5.6. Macros                                           121 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.6.1. FLDDB.(TYP,FLGS,DATA,HLPM,DEFM,LST)          121 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.6.2. FLDBK.(TYP,FLGS,DATA,HLPM,DEFM,BRKADR,LST)   122 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.6.3. BRMSK.(INI0,INI1,INI2,INI3,ALLOW,DISALLOW)   122 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
    5.6.4. FLDBK.                                       122 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
  5.7. Errors                                           123 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.
6. MACSYM System Macros                                 124 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
                              -macsym                   124 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  6.1. Introduction                                     124 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
  6.2. Definitions                                      124 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.1. Standard Program Version                     125 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.2. Miscellaneous Constants (Symbols)            125 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.3. Control Characters (Symbols)                 125 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.4. @index{PC}PC Flags (Mask Symbols)            125 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.5. Macros to Manipulate Field Masks             126 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.5.1. WID(MASK)                                126 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.5.2. POS(MASK)                                126 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.5.3. POINTR(LOC,MASK)                         126 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.5.4. FLD(VAL,MASK)                            126 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.5.5. .RTJST(VAL,MASK)                         126 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.5.6. MASKB(LBIT,RBIT)                         127 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.6. Instructions Using Field Masks (Macros)      127 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.6.1. MOVX AC,MASK                             127 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.6.2. TXmn AC,MASK                             127 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.6.3. IORX AC,MASK; ANDX AC,MASK; XORX AC,MASK 127 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.6.4. JXm AC,MASK,ADDRESS                      127 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.7. Data Structure Facility (Macros)             128 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.7.1. DEFSTR and MSKSTR                        128 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.8. Subroutine Conventions (Macros/opDefs)       131 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.8.1. @index{CALL}CALL address                 131 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.8.2. @index{RET}RET                           131 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.8.3. @index{RETSKP}RETSKP                     131 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.8.4. @index{CALLRET}CALLRET address           131 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.8.5. AC Conventions                           132 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.9. Named Variable Facilities (Macros and Runtim 132 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.9.1. @index{STKVAR}STKVAR namelist            132 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.9.2. @index{TRVAR}TRVAR namelist              133 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.9.3. @index{ASUBR}ASUBR namelist              134 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.9.4. @index{ACVAR}ACVAR namelist              134 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
    6.2.10. Miscellaneous                               134 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.10.1. @index{TMSG}TMSG string                 134 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.10.2. @index{JSERR}JSERR                      135 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.10.3. @index{JSHLT}JSHLT                      135 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
      6.2.10.4. MOD.(DEND,DSOR)                         135 S:<DOCUMENTATION>MAC
7. Columbia Macros and Packages                         136 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CU.
                              -cu                       136 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CU.
  7.1. Utility UUO Package for Macro-20                 136 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
                              -cuuos                    136 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
    7.1.1. Formatted Printing Package                   136 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
    7.1.2. %prPush and %prPop                           139 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
    7.1.3. COMND-Jsys-Made-Easy Package                 140 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
      7.1.3.1. @index{%cmRes} %cmRes                    141 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
      7.1.3.2. %cmKey (keytab, help, default, flags)    141 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
      7.1.3.3. %cmgab bp                                142 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
      7.1.3.4. %comnd flddb                             142 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
      7.1.3.5. %cmgfg flag                              142 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUU
  7.2. CUrel Utility Subroutines                        144 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
                              -curel                    144 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
    7.2.1. Helper                                       144 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
    7.2.2. @index{getOK}GetOK                           144 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
    7.2.3. Gfcpg                                        145 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
    7.2.4. pagMgr                                       145 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
    7.2.5. Subbp                                        146 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
    7.2.6. Rescan                                       147 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUR
  7.3. CUsym MACSYM Augmentation Macros                 149 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
                              -cusym                    149 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.1. @index{Accumulator}Accumulator Support       149 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.2. %DefAC                                       150 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.3. Useful Symbols                               150 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.4. UUO Package OPDEFs and Interface Symbols     150 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.5. Setup Environment Macros                     151 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.5.1. @index{%setEnv}%setEnv                   151 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.5.2. @index{%setUp}%setUp                     151 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.6. Storage Declaration Macros                   151 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.7. General-Purpose Macros                       151 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.7.1. %Stack                                   151 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.7.2. %Version                                 152 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.7.3. @index{%clear}%Clear                     152 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.8. Macros Used for Common Primary I/O           152 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.8.1. %typeCR(string)                          152 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.8.2. %crType(string)                          152 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.8.3. %typNum(num,cols,rdx)                    152 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.8.4. %crlf                                    153 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.8.5. %tab                                     153 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.9. JSYS Support Macros                          153 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.9.1. @index{%jsErr}%jsErr                     153 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.9.2. @index{%erMsg}%erMsg                     153 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.10. Local Label Support Macros                  153 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.10.1. %Cat(a,b)                               154 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.11. COMND JSYS Support Macros                   154 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.11.1. %Ptr(string)                            154 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.11.2. %table and %tbEnd                       154 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.11.3. %key(name, data, flags)                 154 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.11.4. %Flddb (typ, flgs, data, hlpm, defm, ls 155 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.11.5. %Handlr(p,e), %PrsAdr, %EvlAdr          155 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.11.6. %CMxxx Macros to Invoke .CMxxx COMND Fu 155 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.12. Macros to Handle COMND Errors               156 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.12.1. %pret                                   156 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.12.2. %errep errlab, replab                   156 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.12.3. %merrep errlab, replab                  157 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.12.4. Macros for Fail-Return from Parsing Rou 157 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.12.5. %jerrep errlab, replab, othrlb          157 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.12.6. %jmerrep errlab, replab, othrlb         157 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.13. Flag-Handling Macros                        157 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.13.1. %Flags(aFlg,bFlg,cFlg,...)              157 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.13.2. %trnOn & %trnOff                        157 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.13.3. %TrOnS & %TrOfS                         158 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.13.4. %SkpOn & %SkpOff                        158 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.13.5. %AnyOn & %AnyOff                        158 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
    7.3.14. CUuos (CUCCA Utility UUOs) Interface        158 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
      7.3.14.1. %print, %prSkp                          158 S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUS
8. Macro-20 Programming Standards and Conventions       159 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
                              -style                    159 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.1. Introduction                                     159 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.2. @index{Statement} Statements                     159 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.3. @index{Comment}Comments                          160 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.4. Pagination of Source Programs                    162 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.5. Other Assembler Functions                        163 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.6. Instruction Mnemonics                            165 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.7. Variables and Structures                         165 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.8. @index{Subroutine}Subroutines                    165 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.9. AC Definitions                                   167 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.10. Subroutine Documentation                        168 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.11. Multi-line Literals                             169 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.12. Flow of Control - Branch Conventions            170 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.13. Numbers                                         170 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.14. Sharability                                     170 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
  8.15. Living in an Imperfect World                    171 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
    8.15.1. AC Mnemonics                                171 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
    8.15.2. Stack Handling                              171 S:<DOCUMENTATION>STY
9. How to Write, Assemble, and Run Programs             172 S:<DOCUMENTATION>HOW
                              -howto                    172 S:<DOCUMENTATION>HOW
10. Interactive Debugging of Assembly Language Programs 174 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
                              -ddt                      174 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.1. Typeout Modes                                   174 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.1.1. Address Mode Typeout                        175 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.1.2. Radix Typeout                               175 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.1.3. Prevailing vs Temporary Modes               175 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.2. Storage Words                                   175 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.2.1. Related Storage Words                       176 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.2.2. Retyping In Modes Other than the Prevailing 176 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.3. Typing In                                       176 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.4. Symbols                                         177 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.4.1. Special DDT Symbols                         178 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.4.2. Arithmetic Operators                        178 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.4.3. Field Delimiters In Symbolic Type-ins       178 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.5. Breakpoints                                     179 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.5.1. Proceeding from a Breakpoint                180 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.5.2. Single Stepping                             180 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.5.3. Conditional Breakpoints                     180 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.5.4. Starting the Program                        181 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.6. Searching                                       181 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.6.1. Zeroing Memory                              181 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.7. Special Characters                              182 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.8. Miscellaneous DDT Commands                      182 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.8.1. Immediate Mode Instruction Execution        182 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.8.2. Execute Indirect Command File               182 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.8.3. Patch                                       182 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.9. Sample DDT Session                              183 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
  10.10. IDDT (Invisible DDT)                           184 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.1. Using IDDT                                 184 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.2. EXEC-like Features                         185 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.3. View Cell                                  186 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.4. Breakpoints                                186 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.5. Fork Handles                               186 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.6. Escape character                           186 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.7. RUBOUT and Type-in Editing                 186 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.8. Interface with the Exec                    187 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.9. Saving a Core Image                        187 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.10. Single Instruction Executes               187 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.11. Search Commands                           187 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.12. Single Stepping                           188 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
    10.10.13. Other Commands                            188 S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT
11. Programming Examples                                189 S:<DOCUMENTATION>EXA
                              -example                  189 S:<DOCUMENTATION>EXA
  11.1. Binary Search Program                           189 S:<DOCUMENTATION>EXA
  11.2. COMND Example                                   194 S:<DOCUMENTATION>EXA
 Index                                                  204 034S02.TMP.1, Line 2
 Table of Contents                                        1 034S03.TMP.1, Line 3
	Alphabetic Listing of Cross-Reference Tags and Labels

Tag or Label Name                    Page   Label Value  Source file Location
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-COMND                                102           5  S:<DOCUMENTATION>CJ.MSS.1
-CONCAT                                67       3.5.6  S:<DOCUMENTATION>MACRO.MS
-CU                                   136           7  S:<DOCUMENTATION>CU.MSS.1
-CUREL                                144         7.2  S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUREL.MS
-CUSYM                                149         7.3  S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUSYM.MS
-CUUOS                                136         7.1  S:<DOCUMENTATION>CUUOS.MS
-DDT                                  174          10  S:<DOCUMENTATION>DDT.MSS.
-DEFAULT                               68     3.5.7.1  S:<DOCUMENTATION>MACRO.MS
-DEFINING-MACROS                       63       3.5.1  S:<DOCUMENTATION>MACRO.MS
-EXAMPLE                              189          11  S:<DOCUMENTATION>EXAMPL.M
-HOWTO                                172           9  S:<DOCUMENTATION>HOWTO.MS
-INTRO                                  2           1  S:<DOCUMENTATION>INTRO.MS
-IRPC                                  54      3.3.17  S:<DOCUMENTATION>MACRO.MS
-JSYS                                  73           4  S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSYS.MSS
-MACRO                                 34           3  S:<DOCUMENTATION>MACRO.MS
-MACSYM                               124           6  S:<DOCUMENTATION>MACSYM.M
-OPCODE                                 7           2  S:<DOCUMENTATION>OPCODE.M
-PRINTX                                56      3.3.23  S:<DOCUMENTATION>MACRO.MS
-STYLE                                159           8  S:<DOCUMENTATION>STYLE.MS
EXTERNALENV                            99       4.8.2  S:<DOCUMENTATION>JSYS.MSS